Crude Palm Oil Refining
1.Degumming Section
The solid impurities in crude palm oil will be removed by bag filter, and measured accurately by mass flowmeter, and then enter the degumming workshop to remove the colloidal, the crude palm oil heated will be ex-changed the heated, it will be fully mixed with phosphoric acid, the mixture will react in the acid tank. After the reaction, the alkali liquid will be added in, the partial neutralization reaction will be done here, and then the colloidal, starch and other impurities contains in oil will be separated out.
All temperature in the whole degumming process is automatic control and adjustable, and all operations can completely achieve in control room.
2.Decoloring Section
The decoloring section adopt 50 tons/day device. The degummed oil will be pre-heated by the deodorization refined oil, then it will be heated and enter pre-mixing tank. Meanwhile, the clay which is measured by metering device directly in clay tank, and then the measured clay will be added to the pre-mixing tank. After a fully mixing, the mixture of clay and oil will be sent into the decoloring tower, the color will be removed here. The decolorization reaction in decoloring tower will last about 30-60 minutes. Then the mixture will be pumped out and filtered by Armagh filter, the waste clay will be separated from the oil. The residue clay particle will be firstly filtered by the precision filter and then go into the gassing evolution tank to remove the moisture and volatile matter. The whole decolorization process temperature is self-control and adjustable. The filtration system has achieved the feeding oil automatically, circulation, filtration, baked cakes, slag and other operations by manual implementation .
The decoloring section design trapping odor device, the odor in the steam will be purged by the circulating water, thus to eliminate odor pollution in decolorization.
3.Deodorization Section
Gas substances from The dcolored oil from the decolorization section will enter the deodorization section to remove the free fatty acids and unpleasant gas. All of this will be removed under the high vacuum circumsatnces by the deodorization tower. Using the to remove these substances by steam under high vacuum conditions. The removed fatty acid will be collected by the fatty acid trap and pumped into the receiving tank, this later will be used as vice products.
In order to save energy, the decolored oil will firstly heat ex-changed with the deodorization oil by heat ex-changer, and then heated to the deodorization temperature of about 235-236ºC by high pressure steam.
The water ring vacuum pump was adopted in the deodorization section vacuum system, the extracted odor in deodorizing vacuum will be trapped by the circulating water, thus to eliminate the odor pollution in deodorizing section.
Fractionation
1.Fractionation Theory: The natural oil is consitute of mixed triacylglycerol mixture. Due to the difference of the triacylglycerol fatty acid carbon chain length, unsaturation, the constitute and the place of double bond and each fatty acid distribution in triacylglycerol is different, all of these make the difference in physical and chemical properties. The fractionation is based on the melting point and solubility difference, separate the oil into solid and liquid two parts under a certain temperature. Though the operation and theory of fractionation and winterization is similar, but the purpose of the two methods is different.
2.The technology: The palm oil will be heated clear and transparent and by the heat ex-changer and then send into the C1001-C1006 crystallization tank, the crystallize program will begin after starting the stirring and PU1001-PU1006 cooling water circulation pump; When the water cooling quantity in the the C1001-C1006 crystallization tank is insufficient, opening the freezing water to process crystallization; The freezing procedure design depends on the crude oil, esters and oil ratio. During the crystallization period, cooling the oil to the filtration temperature according to a predetermined cooling curve, thus to guaranteed to produce a good crystal. In crystallization process, the computer will calculate the cooling gradient automatically, the temperature of the oil and water will be measured and recorded, the water temperature will be controlled by the microprocessor program, so that can realize different stages need different water temperature, to ensure that the whole crystal growing period of the cooling curve smoothing, the crystallization can be carried out in the most suitable conditions, but not in a large number of crystal exothermic crystallization to destruction, to ensure the smoothness of the cooling curve in crystallization process. This can make the crystallization progressing under the optimum conditions and the crystals won't be damaged by the heat emission of the bulk crystallization. This ensures the stable crystals' formation which is benefit for the next step filteration and the precise cooling way ensures the maximum adaptability and day treatment batch number.
When the crystallization reaches to the C1001-C1006 crystallization tank required temperature, it will conveyed by the PU2001 pump to F2001 filter, when the F2001 forms a filteration cake layer and the refined oil is clear and has no particles appears, the F2001 refined oil will go into the V2001; when the F2001 is fully filled, the filter will enable the extrusion, baked cakes, slag and other operations, so as separate the oil and wax fully. For the the first filter in winter time, the filteration will be halfway, some particles will get through, but it will be filtered fully by the filter paper of the second filter so that make the refined oil is qualified; When the C1001-C1006 crystallization tank finished the filtration, the palmitic, stearic will melt and storage to the irrigation area.
Self-control Description:
Refinery Self-control Description:
1, Refinery production line measuring control points:
1.1 Crude oil heating temperature measurement and automatic temperature control;
1.2 To be decolored heating temperature measurement and automatic temperature control;
1.3 To be decolored oil flow measurement and automatic control clay additive amount;
1.4 Deodorization tower bottom oil level measurement and display and automatic control;
1.5 Deodorization oil flow measurement display;
1.6 Hot water tank, decoloring tower, deaerator, fatty acid storage tank level measurement and alarming liquid level;
1.7 Hot water tank temperature display;
1.8 Conducting oil temperature display;
1.9 Deodorization tower inlet oil temperature display;
2.1 Fatty acid cooling temperature display;
2.2 Leaf filter automatic reladling;
2.3 The motor start, stop, protection, chain, alarm on the computer.
Fractionation system self-control description:
1.0 Crystallization tank crystallization temperature measurement and automatic adjustment;
2.0 Circulating water pump outlet temperature automatic adjustment ;
3.0 Crystallization tank filling and discharge valves automatic switch;
4.0 Crystallization tank liquid level measurement and high liquid level alarm device, anti- crystal level transmitter;
6.0 Crystallization tank temperature measurement;
7.0 Crystallization tank stirring motor frequency control;
8.0 Crystallization tank crystallization curve program control;
9.0 Filter oil feed pump outlet pressure measurement and frequency control adjustment (0-3.0bar);
10.0 Filter extrusion pressure measurement and automatic adjustment;
11.0 Stearin tank liquid level measurement alarm and control the motor start and stop;
12.0 Diaphragm filter program control;
13.0 Chilled water temperature computer display;
14.0Each motor start, stop, protection, alarm on the computer.
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